Composition & Alloy Types
Copper-Based (Cu, Cu-P, Cu-Sn, Cu-Ni):

CuP6/CuP8 (Self-fluxing): For copper/brass PM parts.

Cu-Sn (Bronze): Improves strength & wear resistance.

Iron & Steel-Based (Fe-Cu, Fe-Ni, Fe-Mn):

Fe-Cu (Common for structural parts): Enhances densification.

Fe-Ni (High-strength applications): Improves toughness.

Nickel-Based (Ni-Cr-B-Si, Ni-P):

High-temperature brazing (e.g., turbine components).

✔ Melting & Sintering Behavior
Liquid-Phase Sintering (LPS):

Forms a transient liquid phase at 800–1200°C, filling pores & improving density.

Solid-State Diffusion Bonding:

Some alloys (Fe-Cu) rely on solid-state diffusion for bonding.

✔ Mechanical & Physical Properties
Density Improvement: Reduces porosity by 5–15% vs. conventional sintering.

Tensile Strength: Can increase by 20–50% depending on alloy & sintering conditions.

Hardness & Wear Resistance: Enhanced by Ni or carbide additions.

✔ Wetting & Flow Characteristics
Controlled flow to prevent excessive spreading or distortion.

Optimized particle size (5–50 µm) for uniform distribution in the powder mix.